Conservation of Fragmented Populations

نویسندگان

  • LENORE FAHRIG
  • GRAY MERRIAM
چکیده

In this paper we argue that landscape spatial structure is o f central importance in understanding the effects o f f ragmentat ion on populat ion survival Landscape spatial structure is the spatial relationships among habitat patches and the matr ix in which they are e m ~ l d e ~ Many general models o f subditrlded populat ions make the assump. tions that (1) all habitat patches are equivalent in size and quality and (2) all local populat ions ( in the patches) are equally accessible by disperser~ Models that gloss over spatial details o f landscape structure can be useful f o r theoretical developments but wi l l a lmost always be misleading when applied to real-world conservation problem£ We show that local extinctions o f f ragmented populat ions are corn. mort From this i t fo l lows that recolonization o f local extinctions is critical f o r regional survival o f fragmented population~ The probabil i ty o f recolonization depends on (1) spatial relationships among landscape elements used by the population, including habitat patches f o r breeding and elements o f the inter-patch matr ix through which dispersers mov~ (2) dispersal characteristics o f the organism o f inter. esg and (3) temporal changes in the landscape structure. For endtmgered specie~ which are typically restricted in their dispersal range and in the kinds o f habitat through which they can dlspers~ these factors are o f pr imary importance and mus t he explicitly considered in management declsion~ Paper submitted August 31, 1992; revised manuscript accepted Jan. uary 29, 199~ Conservaci6n de poblaciones fragmentadas Resumen : En este trabaJo nosotros argumentamos que la estructura espacial del paisaje es de central importancla para la comprensi6n de los efectos de la fragmentaci6n sobre la superviencla de las poblacione~ La estructura espaclal del palsaje consiste en la relaci6n espaclal entre ~ de hdbitas y la matr iz en la cual estdn incluido~ Muchos toodelos de poblaciones subdivididas asumen que (1) todos los parches de hdbitat son equtvalentes en ~ y calidad y (2) todas las poblaciones locales (en los parches) son igualmente accesibles a los dispersore& Modelos que trivializan los detalles espaciales de la estructura del palsaje pueden ser t~tiles par desatyollos te6ricos pero cam siempre serdn engafiosos cuando se los a p l i q ~ a problemas reales de conser. vaci6tt Nosotros demostramos que las extinciones locales de poblaciones fragmentadas son comune~t De esto se deduce que la recolonizaci6n de extinciones locales es crltica para la supervivencla regional de los poblaciones fragmenttula~ La probabi l idad de recolonizaci6n depende de (1 ) relaciones espaclales entre los elementos del paisaje usados p o t las poblacione~ incluyendo parches de hdhitats para cria y elementos de la matr iz inter-parches a trat~s de los cuales los dispersores se movi l i za t t (2) caractortsticas de disperst6n del organismo en cuesti6n y (3) camhios tempo. rales en la estructura del palsaje Estos factores son de primordial importancia y deben set considerados expltcitamente en las decisiones de manejo para especies en peligro de extlnct6r~ las cuales estdn t ipicamente restringidas en su tango de dispersi6n y e n los tipos de hdbitats a t r a t ~ de los cuales se dtspesarL

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تاریخ انتشار 2001